Dr. Krissoff Goes to War
Dr. Bill Krissoff, father of 1st Lt Nate Krissoff ‘03, USMC, has joined the Navy.
Former East Grand Rapids resident Bill Krissoff never figured to be in a position to look President Bush in the eye and ask a favor.
But there he was, sitting in a room in Reno with Bush and several other families who had lost soldiers in Iraq or Afghanistan.
His son, Marine Lt. Nathan Krissoff, had been killed in a December 2006 roadside bomb explosion in Iraq.
Months later, Krissoff came to a carefully considered decision: He would honor his son by leaving a flourishing orthopedic practice, a comfortable life, to join the Navy as a combat surgeon.
But his application for an age waiver was mired in paperwork.
Bush went around the room and asked if there was anything he could do.
“I said, ‘Yah, there is one thing. I want to join the Navy medical corps and I gotta get some help here,’” recalled Krissoff, 61, a 1964 graduate of East Grand Rapids High School who now resides in California near Reno.
Three days after that August meeting, the Navy called. His waiver had been granted.
Krissoff was commissioned a lieutenant commander Nov. 18, after which he expects to attend officer development school in January. Attached to the 4th Medical Battalion, he is on course to join a combat surgical team. He hopes to serve in Iraq.
Krissoff and his wife also appeared on a CBS Morning segment. CBS News picked up the story from People magazine. A scan of the article is below. The Krissoff’s other son is also a Marine officer.
His wife, Christine, 56, has made peace with his choice as well. But it doesn’t mean she won’t miss her husband.
“I am not fine with the amount of time he’s gone. But none of the wives of the military people who serve are going to be fine with it.
“That’s just part of the deal.”
His mother, East Grand Rapids resident Sylvia Krissoff, 88, said she was “shocked” when she learned what he planned to do.
Then it started to make sense.
“I think, for him, it really is great. It’s really an extension of his love for Nate and, in some ways, carrying on for what Nate would have done.
“Nate would have been so proud of him.”
As are we all. As the Marines he saves will soon start addressing him, “Welcome aboard, Doc.”
People Familiar
Everyone catch the Eph in the lead story in the Wall Street Journal today on Citadel’s investment in E*Trade?
On Monday, Nov. 12, Kenneth Griffin was boarding a plane to New York when he received an urgent call from Joe Russell, a lieutenant at Mr. Griffin’s big hedge fund, Citadel Investment Group. Shares of online broker E*Trade Financial Corp. were plunging in value, and Citadel, a holder of E*Trade shares and debt, was losing money rapidly.
“We need to focus on this fast,” said Mr. Russell, Citadel’s head of credit investments, relaying word that an analyst report suggesting possible bankruptcy had sent shares of E*Trade reeling.
“Let’s go,” Mr. Griffin shot back, as he authorized a plan to begin buying up millions of shares of E*Trade.
Heroic hedge fund manager bestrides the world of finance, righting wrongs and buying distressed assets.
By late October, E*Trade had hired advisory firm BlackRock Inc. to assess the damage to its mortgage portfolio, according to a person familiar with the matter. And on Nov. 1, E*Trade’s Mr. Caplan made a key call: to J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. banker James B. Lee, also a bank vice chairman. “We need you to take a hard look at our options,” Mr. Caplan said, according to people familiar with the matter. By this time, Mr. Caplan had already retained longtime banker Jane Wheeler at Evercore Partners to work on a rescue plan.
That would be Jimmy Lee ‘75, leading Eph banker of his generation. (Previous Lee posts here and here.) Who do you think these mysterious “people familiar” are and what is their motive for talking to the Wall Street Journal?
About a week later, on Nov. 9., Mr. Lee and a team of bankers flew to E*Trade’s Arlington, Va., offices to lay out the options. Two potential bidding groups were at the top of list. One was Citadel, and the other was the duo of brokerage firm TD Ameritrade Holding Corp. and private-equity fund J.C. Flowers & Co.
Also that day, E*Trade’s top executives huddled to assess their rapidly deteriorating mortgage portfolio. “We honestly can’t predict with any certainty where this is going anymore and we just shouldn’t even try to peg the bottom anymore,” a weary Mr. Caplan said to the executives. The firm then issued another profit warning and dismissed a top trading executive and members of his team.
Experienced finance people are wondering at this point about who is advising whom and how they are getting paid. Is Jimmy Lee getting paid by E*Trade? Whether or not a deal goes through? Does he need to split the fee with Jane Wheeler who is, fairly obviously, not a source for the story? Not being a banker, I am confused. Comments welcome from our Ephs in finance.
By the middle of November, the crisis was starting to wear on Mr. Caplan. The E*Trade executive, who lives on a sleepy tree-lined road in Bethesda, Md., took up temporary residence in New York on Nov. 9 and was working round the clock.
“I just really want this company to survive,” Mr. Caplan confided to J.P. Morgan’s Mr. Lee early last week. Mr. Lee, people familiar with the matter say, encouraged him to stay the course, telling Mr. Caplan, “You are doing the right thing.”
And, if you don’t do a deal, I don’t get paid! Or is that a cynical interpretation? Did JP Morgan get paid for this transaction? By Citadel?
But the best part is how a private conversation between Kaplan and Lee makes it onto the front page of the Wall Street Journal. You think Kaplan “confided” in Lee within earshot of anyone else? I’ll take the other side of that. I bet that only Kaplan and Lee know what was said, that one of them told their flunkies, those unnamed “people familiar,” to go talk to the Journal reporters. Was it Lee or Kaplan and, even more interestingly, why leak it?
Left as an exercise for the reader.
Panty Raid
Amherst grad Bess Levin’s jealousy of Erin Burnett ‘98 is sad to see.
Debating Class Requirements and Public Speaking
In the WNY thread we recently had some argument over the usefulness of Williams’ requirements for graduation, namely the Quantitative Reasoning (QR) and Intensive Writing (IW) instituted in 2001, and the Foreign Language (FL) proposed but rejected then.
Not discussed as often is a fourth proposal then, that missed 2/3 acceptance by one vote: a Public Speaking (PS) requirement.
I’d like to reopen the debate on this issue. Should Williams have requirements for graduation beyond 32 classes and a major? David takes the con side of this.
For this argument, I’ll go pro for public speaking and division requirements but con for others. Prior comments show that others will take pro more generally, supporting FL if not other requirements. My opening points are below, and I’d love for others to join the discussion on this critical topic.
How To Get Into Williams
There are many “chances” posts on College Confidential, requests from potential applicants for comments on their chances of getting into Williams and advice on how to do so. See here, here and here for recent examples. I am often tempted to reply: “Take a genetic genealogy test and, if it comes back black, join the appropriate clubs in your high school and check the right box on the Common Application.”
Good advice?
1) A recent New York Times article discussed the power and problems of these tests.
The authors said that limited information in the databases used to compare DNA results might lead people to draw the wrong conclusions or to misinterpret results. The tests trace only a few of a customer’s ancestors and cannot tell exactly where ancestors might have lived, or the specific ethnic group to which they might have belonged. And the databases of many companies are not only small — they’re also proprietary, making it hard to verify results.
“My concern is that the marketing is coming before the science,” said Troy Duster, a professor of sociology at New York University who was an adviser on the Human Genome Project and an author of the Science editorial.
“People are making life-changing decisions based on these tests and may not be aware of the limitations,” he added. “While I don’t think any of the companies are deliberately misleading customers, they may have a financial incentive to tell people what they want to hear.”
You think? If a particular company get a reputation for “finding” black ancestry in people who “look” non-black, I suspect that they might find an eager market for their services. (By the way, Troy Duster is an Eph, via honorary degree. Previous entries here.)
But even if the test companies don’t act on their financial interests, they still make mistakes. And, even when they don’t make mistakes, what happens when they start saying that you have “African” genes when it appears that some of your descendants came from north Africa? And, even when the companies a) Don’t act in their financial interest, b) Don’t make mistakes and c) Don’t count north African ancestry as “African”, there is still a big problem. A large percentage (can’t find a citation just now) of the “white” population in America has at least one ancestor from sub-Sahara Africa. Does Williams really want to provide them with affirmative action?
2) I covered much of this ground last year. Recall:
Note that the Common Application gives you almost complete latitude in what boxes you check. It states, “If you wish to be identified with a particular ethnic group, please check all that apply.” In other words, there is no requirement that you “look” African-American or that other people identify you as African-America or even that you identify yourself as African-American, you just have to “wish to be identified.”
Now, one hopes, that there isn’t too much truth-stretching going on currently. The Admissions Department only wants to give preferences to students who really are African-American, who add to the diversity of Williams because their experiences provide them with a very different outlook than their non-African-American peers. But those experiences can only come from some identification — by society toward you and/or by you to yourself — over the course of, at least, your high school years. How can you bring any meaningful diversity if you never thought of yourself as African-American (or were so thought of by others) until the fall of senior year?
…
The point here is not that the current admissions policy at Williams is bad or good. It is what it is. The point is that there are significant preferences given to those who check certain boxes and that cheap genetic testing will provide many people with a plausible excuse to check boxes that, a few years ago, they did not have. How much will the admissions process change as a result? Time will tell. It will be very interesting to look at the time series of application by ethnic group over this decade. I predict that the raw number (and total pool percentage) of African-American and Hispanic applicants will increase sharply.
3) Note that this is already happening. Color and Money: How Rich White Kids Are Winning the War over College Affirmative Action tells the story (page 82) of white parents scamming their way into San Francisco’s elite Lowell High School “by scouring their family histories for the tiniest hint of black or Hispanic blood.” That sort of “scouring” gets easier and cheaper each year.
4) Besides studying the trends in the number of applicants from different groups, the Record could have a lot of fun just by looking at the pictures of Williams students. There are, allegedly, 49 or so African-Americans in the class of 2011. Want to bet? I have no doubt that the admissions office is being honest — 49 students did indeed check that box. But, could an outsider look at pictures of all the members of the class of 2011 and pick out those 49 individuals? I doubt it. The Record ought to give it a try. Background information here.
5) Don’t forget that there are some administrators at the College who would actually welcome this development. The College loves to be able to claim that 10% of Williams is African-American, whatever the underlying “truth” might be. In this dimension, the College certainly practices a Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell philosophy. Even better would be having a 10% African-American class with average SAT scores above 1400. Not hard to do if a lot of applicants start checking that box.
So, what should those poor applicants at College Confidential do? Suggestions welcome.
Gaudino Wikipedia Page
I started this Wikipedia page on Professor Robert Guadino seven months ago. Surely we have some readers who could add to it. Previous discussion of the importance of “uncomfortable learning” here.
Getting E-mail
Presidential primary politics is not my usual beat, but, apparently, many of the questioners on last night’s CNN/YouTube Republican debate were not the typical-unaffiliated-Americans that Anderson Cooper promised us. Bill Bennett ‘65 leads the way.
Perhaps someone from YouTube ought to teach the nice people at CNN about Google. It works for EphBlog!
Williams Cameo on the Sports Guy’s Chat
For those of you who are fans of ESPN’s “Sports Guy” Bill Simmons, thought I would cut and paste this exchange with a Williams student (who, by the way, pretty much ended his chances of getting a date this year at Williams) during yesterday’s marathon chat to benefit the Jimmy V. Foundation. Dan forgot to mention that the Ephs beat Holy Cross the last time they played each other in hoops. (To be fair to Dan, Simmons is often cracking on the purported unattractiveness of NESCAC students, so Dan was probably just trying to catch his attention).
Dan Benz (Williamstown, MA): You mentioned in an article once that Holy Cross should consider joining the NESCAC, but as a student of Williams College I was just wondering if you’d also be okay with the fact that they’d be finishing no better than fifth every year? P.S. I know you’re familiar somewhat with NESCAC schools so maybe you can answer this for me–there are girls here right? I’ve been here three years and I’d just like to see one before my senior year.
Bill Simmons: I am totally fine with HC being in the NESCAC – that’s where we belong. We are fooling ourselves and I am not giving money to the school again until they address it.
Details and History for WNY
Many thanks to Professor Robert Jackall for providing these documents and history on the Williams in New York program in response to this post.
1. The WNY program is still officially a PILOT program, limited to eight (8) spaces a semester. But it is offered in both fall and spring and the College is committed to it through the academic year 2008-2009 no matter what happens in May 2008 (see below).
2. The program is under review by an ad hoc committee, chaired by Chris Waters. You might want to write him for more details. That committee will present its recommendations to the Committee on Educational Policy and the administration by early spring. In turn, a resolution will be presented to the faculty for a vote at the May 2008 faculty meeting. Although the exact form of the resolution is unknown right now, the thrust of it will be a vote to move the WNY program from its pilot status to permanent program status. There may also may a recommendation to increase the size of the program although this is unclear. In my own view, the optimum size of the program is between 16-18 students per semester.
3. The pilot program has now been offered in the following semesters: fall 2005; fall 2006; spring 2007; fall 2007. It will be offered in spring 2008; fall 2008; and spring 2009. Excluding the very first (fall 2005) semester when there were only 12 applicants, the pilot program has had about three applicants for every two spaces per semester.
4. It is important to note the origins of the program. It was first proposed in 1995, but died an ignoble bureaucratic death at that time at the hands of then president Hank Payne and Dean of Faculty Mike McPherson. It was re-submitted during the curricular renewal of 2000-2001 and was one of only three ideas that survived the CEP’s year-long review–the other two were a proposal for mandatory language instruction and an expansion of the tutorial program. Only the tutorial expansion and the WNY program survived the required two-thirds vote of the faculty in May 2001.
5. It is also important to note the particular definition of “experiential education” that distinguishes the WNY program from all other definitions of that term. Here’s a copy of a memorandum I wrote to Bill Darrow before the recent Lissack Forum on the topic of experiential education, which was noted in Ephblog.
Comments:
1) See below for the memorandum, speaker roster from past years’ and syllabi for two fall 2007 courses: Social Life of the Metropolis and Arts & the City. All great stuff.
2) Kudos to Professor Jackall for being so open and transparent about the process. Although many faculty and administrators act with similar professionalism, many others do not.
3) Being a big believer in meeting student demand, I would be in favor of expanding the program. But it would be nice to have a better sense of the costs involved. Students appear to get their own room. Given the (implicit) cost of New York real estate, having roommates is not unreasonable. Also, the program currently uses about 1/3 of the available rooms. What sort of lost-income hit does the club take to provide the space? Does the College make up that money? Does the College also provide extra funding for faculty members associated with the program? All of these costs may be reasonable, but it is hard to have an informed opinion without a clear outline of the budget.
4) Comments from readers who have enrolled in WNY (or have friends who have) would be welcome.
5) One worry is the academic seriousness of the program. Although everyone loves a fun-filled vacation in NYC, I would expect these students to spend as much time on academics as their peers in Williamstown (or at Williams-at-Oxford). Do they? Perhaps their internships might replace one class, but two? [UPDATE: See the very bottom on the entry for details on the work expected in these classes. Although the website is fairly opaque on this topic, WNY students each take three classes and do fieldwork as their fourth class. The classes are at least as rigorous in terms of workload as typical classes at Williams. Apologies for implying otherwise.]
6) Huge kudos to whatever faculty members fought against a language requirement for Williams. The fewer requirements that Williams has (besides 32 courses and a major), the better.
Professor Peter Lipton, RIP
Sad news from Nate Foster ‘01.

Former Williams professor (and close personal friend of Morty) Peter Lipton died suddenly over the weekend. Peter was a full professor at Cambridge and head of the Department of History and Philosophy of Science. In recent years, he has advised many Herchel Smiths including yours truly. He was one of the best, kindest advisors I ever had.
Indeed. As a philosophy major, I had several classes with Professor Lipton, who taught at Williams from 1985-1990. Each was excellent. Lipton was superb in the art and science of running a Williams classroom. He always had an interesting story about the philosophers we were discussing. He seemed to have read a biography about everyone from Hume to Wittgenstein.
Peter Lipton made me want to be a philosophy professor at Williams, someone who would know all that there was to know about philosophy and spend his life discussing the big questions with Williams students. His classes were my first exposure to the idea of students as teachers. He had us write “reaction papers” to each other’s essays. I have shamelessly stolen the idea ever since.
Lipton was also one of the outside readers for my thesis. It was just 20 years ago this coming May that I nervously presented my big idea in Griffin 3. Lipton listened kindly to my bumbling and then began his comments. Like any good discussant, he started with a summary of what I wrote, or at least what I should have meant if I were thinking clearly and interpreted charitably. In just a paragraph of lucid prose, he summarized perfectly, in words that I never would have found, the point that I was trying to get across. I wanted to stop everything and say, “Yes! That is exactly what I meant!” Lipton’s insight and kindness have stayed with me ever since. Another of his students knows exactly what I mean.
He did this thing I only half-jokingly coined a verb for — to Lipton, I have told people, is to listen to the most garbled, incoherent, muddle-headed drivel that periodically emits from a student or otherwise member of an audience, and to restate it back at them in the most crystal clear terms, so that whatever point hidden in its murky depths is rescued & borne out of the swamps of obfuscation to receive enlightenment from high … seriously. Liptoning also involves clarifying complexity with enviable panache, but always without an iota of hubris — always that incredible modesty and respect for what one does not know — in short, to be an ideal teacher and thinker. What a gift!
A gift that is now lost to all of us. The obituary notes:
Lipton was an extraordinarily gifted teacher. His lecture courses on philosophy of science and philosophy of mind attracted big crowds of students and were marked by the most unusual clarity, critical acumen and his wonderful – and justifiably world-renowned – sense of humour. One year the second-year students so wished to show their appreciation for his performance that in the last lecture of the year they showered him with flowers. Many a student was drawn into philosophy through these lectures. Lipton’s seminars and reading groups were similarly legendary. His ‘Epistemology Reading Group’ – modelled on A. J. Ayer’s Oxford discussion circle that he had attended – was the philosophical centre of gravity in the Department. Lipton supervised numerous students at all levels; he was always working with between six and ten PhD students.
Academia is one of the great apprentice fields, a workplace in which, despite the endless libraries, there are no books to teach you what you really need to know. The only way to learn to be a scholar and a teacher is to find a master to guide you, to show you how it is done. Lipton was just such a master. See how Professor Joe Cruz ‘91, another of Lipton’s students, keeps alive his teachings for Williams students yet to come.
In another decade or two or three, it is not clear how many people will read the no-doubt-excellent books that Peter Lipton wrote. The shelf life of scholarly monographs is short, their readers few, their impact small and fleeting. But Peter Lipton’s memory will live on with the students he taught over the last 20 years until they too pass on to the great tutorial in the sky. When that day comes for me, I know that Professor Lipton will be waiting, a patient and understanding philosopher with time for his eager students.
Condolences to all.
Tutorial Training
Please tell me that CNBC anchor Erin Burnett ‘98 took several tutorials at Williams which prepared her for the likes of Jim Cramer.
Whatever they are paying Burnett, it is not enough.
UPDATE: As to the substance of the video, this is the sort of stuff that an EphCOI devoted to finance should talk about. My comment: Neither Cramer nor Burnett makes the obvious point that Andrew Cuomo does not care about the mortgage market. All he cares about is getting famous so that he can follow in the footsteps of Eliot Spitzer and be governor of New York (or a Senator). If beating up on Washington Mutual gets him in the New York Times, then that’s what he is going to do. Politicians respond to incentives, just like the rest of us.
Choose Education’s End
The Williams Reads program needs your help.
The Williams Reads initiative aims to foster new connections among students, staff, faculty, and community members by exploring diversity and community through a common reading experience. Williams Reads is offered during Winter Study as an opportunity for us to explore a book together that will help us to celebrate and deepen our appreciation of varying viewpoints and experiences. It is a goal of the CDC to select a book that will stimulate community engagement and challenging conversation. In addition, the college offers related discussions, movies, performances, and presentations. In 2007, 700 free copies of the chosen book are made available during the first week of Winter Study, with the intent that these copies will continue to circulate throughout the community.
How about Education’s End: Why Our Colleges and Universities Have Given Up on the Meaning of Life as the book selection? (Previous EphBlog discussion of this book here and of Williams Reads here and here.)
W@NY
The website for Williams in New York is extremely slick. Kudos to all involved. W@NYC (is that acronym still in use?) seems like an amazing program. Can any readers provide more details? For example, how many people apply? Are syllabi available on-line?
Eph ‘75 canopy walk connections in Florida
This week I have been down in Florida, visiting my parents for Thanksgiving. A few days ago, while visiting the Myakka Canopy Walkway, I was surprised to find not one, but two Williams connections!
First, on a map listing worldwide locations of forest canopy walkways, Hopkins Forest in Williamstown, MA was on the list. I always enjoyed looking for the canopy walkway while running in Hopkins Forest; it was nearly impossible to see in the fall and spring, but in the winter when the trees had no leaves, it was clearly there in the treetops. For those who haven’t seen it, you’ll find it on the gradual side of the lower loop. (By contrast, the other canopy walkway I have been on, in the cloud forest of Costa Rica, did not make the list — somehow Hopkins Forest precedes the jungle.)
Second, the project was partly financed by dedications of planks and columns, and a plaque on one of the columns read, “Robert and Lucy Beck, Williams ‘75.” I was happy to see that.
Shepard at National Book Awards
Professor Jim Shepard may not have won the National Book Award, but he did get his picture in Gawker and they didn’t even make fun of him (directly).
“The NBAs are like the Oscars, except the acceptance speeches are longer and no one is attractive,” an agent observed as a burbling, mostly elderly crowd gathered for cocktails outside a ballroom at the Marriot Marquis last night. Au contraire! Author-hottie Josh Ferris was looking Hollywood handsome, decked out in a tux adorned with his Finalist medal. He and Jim Shephard, who was also in contention for the fiction prize, stood shoving each other playfully and talking about how thrilled each would be if the other won.
The College’s announcement about Shepard being a finalist is here.
Least Popular Eph
Douglas Shulman nominated as new IRS commissioner. (According to his bio, although strangely not Wikipedia, he also co-founded Teach for America, so we can’t be too hard on Doug …)
Two Kinds Of Lumps
Kim Daboo ‘88, my fellow blogger for the class of 1998’s 20th reunion, reports:
It seems Oliver took a bit of a tumble at school today and landed on his face. He has a fat lip to go with the big lump on his forehead. As usual, he wouldn’t allow anyone to put ice on either spot for very long.
Sounds like my kind of kid. As we say in the Kane household, “Walk it off.”
Though I ordered our Christmas cards today, the family photo will have to wait a while. My PhotoShop skills are not up to snuff.
I think the smile is due to what I discovered seconds after taking this photo…a poop that was all the way down to his socks. This job really should come with hazard pay.
Indeed.
Open Source Chemistry
Geoff Hutchison ‘99 has thoughts on open source and the small company.
People (and I also mean funding agencies) want to pay for the latest and greatest thing — whatever seems the most interesting. There’s rarely much money in maintaining software. Funding agencies don’t really want to fund bug fixes either.
I pay for science software and I also develop open source scientific software. I suspect the same thing is true for others. So what drives someone to pay or code yourself.
Read the whole entry and associated links. Those interested in open source should also read The Cathedral and the Bazaar by Eric Raymond (free version here). I write about open source finance here.
Thanksgiving Ephs
A Thanksgiving story from North Adams.
While other students were packing their bags and gearing up for a brief respite from homework and exams, 15 Williams College volunteers were preparing a full Thanksgiving dinner for the Berkshire Food Project on Sunday afternoon.
“It’s just so amazing how many volunteers showed up to help out,” said Valerie Schwarz, the executive director of the Berkshire Food Project.
Now in its 20th year, the BFP provides meals five days a week to anyone who wants to stop in at the First Congregational Church. Today, a special holiday dinner will be served, complete with turkey, turnips, cranberry sauce, potatoes and pumpkin pie.
The Williams volunteers – recruited to help cook and serve the meal by BFP volunteer co-coordinators Lauren Guilmette, a senior philosophy major, and Laura Huang, a freshman – spent the afternoon chopping potatoes and helping other community volunteers prepare for the festivities.
For Guilmette and Huang, bringing together the college with surrounding communities is a way to not only address the problem of hunger but also to make connections with those who live just around the corner.
“What really drew me to the program was how it is face-to-face, day-to-day and very hands-on,” said Huang. “The concentration is on what’s just down the road. We can help out and we should.”
“We can help tackle hunger here and help the worldwide effort,” she added.
“This is a pretty easy way to do something and it’s immediate and practical,” said Guilmette. “It’s not just a program about food justice and hunger issues. It’s a program for the North Adams community.”
Exactly right. Want to save the world? Start by saving North Adams. Kudos to all involved.
Paul Grogan ‘72
Paul Grogan ‘72 was honored by the Boston Architectural College this past summer with an honorary degree and selection as their commencement speaker.
When I lived in Boston, I had some dealings with Paul and his sister Janet (a Simmons grad). They are both impressive and dedicated to the public good. In fact, Paul’s name use to come up from time-to-time as a possible candidate for Mayor of Boston.

Get email updates